【2016年高考天津卷】
C
When John was growing up, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden, carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all, he was happier. Far happier.
These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not. “Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence (能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said George Vaillant, the psychologist (心理学家) who made the discovery. “And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Vaillant’s study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Vaillant, the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and ability to deal with problems.
The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out. Working----at any age----is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence---the underpinnings (基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isn’t everything. As Tolstoy once said, “One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work.”
46. What do we know about John?
A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.
B. He had few childhood playmates.
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C. He received little love from his family.D. He was envied by others in his childhood.
47. Vaillant’s words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.
A. a description of personal values and social values
B. an analysis of how work was related to competence
C. an example for parents’ expectations of their children
D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men
48. Vaillant’s team obtained their findings by _____.
A. recording the boys’ effort in school
B. evaluating the men’s mental health
升学广件慧元公径e84ca38b网高东463f根-科司技软有根途42d7优高405c限def70a3a
C. comparing different sets of scoresD. measuring the men’s problem solving ability
49. What does the underlined word “sharp” probably mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Quick to react
B. Having a thin edge
C. Clear and definite
D. sudden and rapid
50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. competent adults know more about love than work.
B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.
C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.
D. Independence is the key to one’s success.
软心法公径e84ca38b优高405c东463f根广限def70a3ab614升e76d62218705f3f1途42d7375b件有根司学慧网高元技科点学-
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文章通过John的例子结合一个研究发现说明童年时期帮助做一些家务的孩子长大后会更快乐，更成功。
46.【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：根据第一段的句子He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage and was healthier.，可知，John喜欢他的事业和婚姻。故选A。
考点：考查细节理解。
47.【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：根据第二段的句子Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，可知，第二段Vaillant的话是解释为什么一些男孩成长为快乐的人。故选D。
考点：考查推理判断。
限def70a3ab614学优高405c件学有根254a7563技东463f根公径e84ca38b升e76d62218705f3f1-b3b6软心法司学慧网高广科点途42d7375b学8182元
48.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据第三段的句子 the researchers compared the men’s mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores，可知，Vaillant的团队获得他们的发现是通过对比不同的得分。故选C。
考点：考查细节理解。
49.【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：根据第四段的句子The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp(这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显)，结合下面一句进一步可知，这里sharp的意思是“明确的，一定的”。故选C。
考点：考查词义猜测。
50.【答案】B
元方82f041fd广高途42d7375b的公径e84ca38b科点司学西软心法学81821f567f29慧4283的优高405c技有根254a7563-b3b6件学网高升e76d62218705f3f1限def70a3ab614学44b9350b2ad8东463f根 【解析】
试题分析：根据最后一段的句子One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how too love, to work for the person one loves and to love one’s work，可知，情感健康对于好的成年人生活是基本的。故选B。
考点： 考查推理判断。
【名师点睛】 这篇文章内容和学生自己的生活密切相关，而且是通过调查研究的方式给出，更加有说服力，虽然是考试题，学生应该有兴趣阅读，文章篇幅适中。考查比较全面，除了理解细节题，还需要适当的推理，还有词义辨析类的题目，对学生能力考查比较全面。
做词义辨析类的题目，要仔细阅读这个词所在的前后的句子，发现有没有关联的同义词，反义词或是这个词的定义，分析这篇阅读的49题，要求判断sharp的含义，这个词不是陌生的单词，高中教材上出现过，它的意思是“锋利的，尖锐的，敏捷的，聪明的”，但是代入后，发现这些意思都不符合，而结合所在句子，特别是下文的Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people, five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知和上文的观点是一致的，也就是这些人在孩子的时候做的事情和他们成人后是怎样的人之间的关联是令人惊讶地明显。答案也不难得出。