This month, Germany’s transport minister,Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’srole in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives mightbe lost.
The proposalattempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars thatcould delay the driverless future.
Dobrindt wants three things: that a caralways chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes betweenhumans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands fromthe driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible ifthere is a crash.
“The change to the road traffic law willpermit fully automatic driving,” says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverlesscars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.
Who is responsible for the operation of suchvehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. “The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one ofthem all,” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.
An assumption behind UK insurance fordriverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “bewatchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.
But that is not what many people have inmind when thinking of driverless cars. “When you say ‘driverless cars’, peopleexpect driverless cars.” Merat says. “You know — no driver.”
Because of the confusion, Merat thinks somecar makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.
Driverless cars may end up being a form ofpublic transport rather than vehicles you own, says Ryan Calo at StanfordUniversity, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, wheregovernment-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.
That would go down poorly in the US,however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars andtreat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,” says Calo.
(46)What does thephrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A place where cars often breakdown.
B. A case where passing a law is impossible.
C. An area where no driving ispermitted.
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D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.
(47)The proposalput forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.
A. stop people from breaking trafficrules
B. help promote fully automatic driving
C. protect drivers of all ages andraces
D. prevent serious property damage
(48)What doconsumers think of the operation of driverless cars?
A. It should get theattention of insurance companies.
B. It should be the main concern of lawmakers.
C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.
D. It should involve nohuman responsibility.
(49)Driverlessvehicles in public transport see no bright future in _________.
A. Singapore
B.the UK
C. the US
D. Germany
(50)What could bethe best title for the passage?
升70c3根技高软89bc高法途司费6de4cfea广优19a35c2d量方网术fec56e5dedc7东费慧西f32d件公4ad3402f-径c65f8831限法科c3f1fc48元0e7c2dc6有4460学上3ab4a17b A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?
B. Fully Automatic Cars: A NewBreakthrough
C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!
D. Driverless Cars: Root ofRoad Accidents
答案
(46)D 47)B(48)D(49)C(50)A
解析
(46)根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future可知选D。
(47)根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles可知选B。
(48)根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。
(49)根据最后一段That would go down poorly in the US, however. “The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here可知选C.
(50)通读全文可以知道，本文主要讲述了谁来对无人驾驶的机动车辆负责。故选A。
考查方向
(46)本题考查了学生猜测词义的能力。
(47)本题考查了学生提取细节能力。
(48)本题考查了学生提取细节能力。
(49)本题考查了学生提取细节能力。
(50)本题考查了学生推理判断的能力。
解题思路
(46)推测词义题。抓住文章前后文意义来判断。
(47)推理判断题。抓住文章主旨、紧扣作者思维模式找突破口。
(48)事实细节题，确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。
(49)事实细节题，确定题目关键词，在文章中找到对应部分，回到题目逐一对照。
(50)推理判断题。抓住文章主旨、紧扣作者思维模式找突破口。
易错点
(46)把握不住相关要点。
(47)把握不住相关要点。
(48)把握不住细节信息。
(49)把握不住细节信息。
(50)把握不住相关要点。