材料B

Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don’t naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random ---he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, on the other hand are extremely corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate a achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of expensive with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught .but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence. Develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world

The cure of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t in what Tomasello calls what. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

58. What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?

A.Chimps seldom care about others’ interests.

B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.

C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors’ food.

D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.

网d3a9894b费公有习点广8e6b的限48a73097秀软元科术5f59东技学-径优4f6d升司慧途bf54270e件 59. Michael Tomasello’s tests on young children indicate that they____.

A.have the instinct to help others

B.know how to offer help to adults

C.know the world better than chimps

D.trust adults with their hands full

60. The passage is mainly about ____.

A.the helping behaviors of young children

B.ways to train children’s shared intentionality

C.cooperation as a distinctive human nature

D.the development of intelligence in children

58.答案

A

解析

本题属于细节题，结合文章第一段内容分析可知，猩猩自己寻找食物，很少与自己孩子分享食物，他们也基本不愿意帮助其他猩猩。所以答案选A。

考查方向

本题考查了对考纲重点词汇的记忆和理解。

解题思路

事实细节题。根据文章第一段中的 “But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children”以及第二段的内容“chimps don’t naturally share food either”，“Chimps are truly selfish”可知正确答案。Interests这里表示“利益”。

易错点

对于little，seek for，interest等词汇词组记忆模糊。

A

解析

本题属于细节题，结合全文及文章中的第三段，分析可知，该实验结果显示，看到焦虑的成年人，几乎所有的小孩都想伸出援助之手。所以答案选A。

考查方向

本题考查了对考纲宾语从句的理解。

解题思路

事实细节题。根据文章第三段中的“He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help”可知正确答案。

易错点

对于宾语从句这一语法点掌握不牢致错。

C

解析

本题属于主旨大意题，文章以大猩猩为例子，突出人类小孩子具有集体意识，爱帮助他人这一特点。所以答案选C。

考查方向

本题考查了对考纲重点词汇及语法的记忆和理解。

解题思路

主旨大意题。结合全文内容来看，本文开篇以大猩猩为引子，在第三段引出文章主题，即小孩子的思维方式及心理特点，并将猩猩与人类，尤其是小孩子进行比较，突出两者在心理及思维上的不同之处，文章最后一段总结全文。

易错点

对于immediately，instinct，宾语从句等词汇和语法记忆模糊、理解错误。