第一种：既能与强酸反应又能与强碱溶液反应的物质

1、 单质类：Al

2Al+6H⁺=2Al³⁺ +3H₂↑

2Al+2OH^- +2H₂O=2AlO₂^- +3H₂↑

2、 氧化物类：Al₂O₃(ZnO、BeO等)

Al₂O₃+6H⁺=2Al³⁺ +3H₂O

Al₂O₃+2OH^- =2AlO₂^- +H₂O

3、 氢氧化物类：Al(OH)₃(Zn(OH)₂等)

Al(OH)₃+3H⁺=Al³⁺ +3H₂O

Al(OH)₃+ OH^- =AlO₂^- +2H₂O

4、 弱酸的酸式盐类：NaHCO₃、NaHS、NaHSO₃、Na₂HPO₄、NaH₂PO₄

HCO₃^- +H⁺ =CO₂↑+H₂O

HCO₃^- +OH^- =CO₃^2- + H₂O

HSO₃^- +H⁺ =SO₂↑+H₂O

HSO₃^- +OH^- =SO₃^2- + H₂O

HS^- +H⁺ =H₂S↑

HS^- +OH^- =S^2- + H₂O

HPO₄^2- +H⁺ = H₂PO₄^-

HPO₄^2- +OH^- =PO₄^3- + H₂O

H₂PO₄^- +H⁺ = H₃PO₄

H₂PO₄^- +OH^- =HPO₄^2- + H₂O;

5、 弱酸的铵盐类：(NH₄)₂CO₃、(NH₄)₂SiO₃、(NH₄)₂S、(NH₄)₂SO₃、(NH₄)₃PO₄、NH₄F、NH₄ClO

(NH₄)₂CO₃+2HCl= 2NH₄Cl + H₂O+CO₂↑

(NH₄)₂CO₃+2NaOH=Na₂CO₃+2NH₃•H₂O

(NH₄)₂SiO₃+2HCl= 2NH₄Cl + H₂SiO₃↓

(NH₄)₂SiO₃+2NaOH=Na₂SiO₃+2NH₃H₂O

(NH₄)₂S+2HCl= 2NH₄Cl + H₂S↑

(NH₄)₂S+2NaOH=Na₂S+2NH₃H₂O

(NH₄)₂SO₃+2HCl= 2NH₄Cl + H₂O+SO₂↑

(NH₄)₂SO₃+2NaOH=Na₂SO₃+2NH₃H₂O

(NH₄)₃PO₄+3HCl= 3NH₄Cl + H₃PO₄

(NH₄)₃PO₄ +3NaOH=Na₃PO₄+3NH₃H₂O

NH₄F+HCl= NH4Cl + HF↑

NH₄F+NaOH=NaF+NH₃H₂O

NH₄ClO+HCl= NH₄Cl + HClO

NH₄ClO+NaOH=NaClO +NH₃H₂O

6、 氨基酸：α―氨基乙酸

H₂N-CH₂COOH+HCl→HOOCCH₂NH₃Cl

H₂N-CH₂COOH+NaOH→H₂N-CH₂COONa+H₂O,

第二种：既能与某些酸反应又能与所有的强碱溶液反应的物质

7、 能与氢氟酸反应类：Si、SiO₂

Si+4HF=SiF₄↑+2H₂↑

Si+2NaOH+H₂O=Na₂SiO₃+2H₂↑

SiO₂+4HF=SiF₄↑+2H₂O

SiO₂+2NaOH=Na₂SiO₃+H₂O

8、 能与氧化性酸反应类：HI、H₂S 、H₂SO₃、FeCl₂、NH₄I

6HI+2HNO₃(稀)=I₂+2NO↑+4H₂O,

HI+ NaOH= NaI+ H₂O

3H₂S+2HNO₃(稀)=3S↓+2NO↑+4H₂O

H₂S+ 2NaOH= Na₂S+ 2H₂O

3H₂SO₃+2HNO₃(稀)=3H₂SO₄+2NO↑+4H₂O

H₂S+ 2NaOH= Na₂S+ 2H₂O

3FeCl₂ +4HNO₃(稀)=Fe(NO₃)₃+NO↑+2FeCl₃+2H₂O

FeCl₂+2NaOH=Fe(OH)₂↓+2NaCl

6NH₄I+8HNO₃(稀)=6NH₄NO₃+2NO↑+4H₂O+3I₂

NH₄I+ NaOH=NaI+NH₃H₂O

9、 能与还原性酸反应类：浓H₂SO₄、浓HNO₃、稀HNO₃、FeCl₃、AgNO₃

H₂S+H₂SO₄(浓)=S↓+SO₂↑+2H₂O

H₂SO₄+ 2NaOH= Na₂SO₄+ 2H₂O

3H₂S+2HNO₃(稀)=3S↓+2NO↑+4H₂O

HNO₃(稀)+ NaOH= NaNO₃+ H₂O

H₂S+2HNO₃(浓)=S↓+2NO₂↑+2H₂O

HNO₃(浓)+ NaOH= NaNO₃+ H₂O

2FeCl₃+2HI=2FeCl₂+2HCl+I₂

FeCl₃+ 3NaOH=Fe(OH)₃↓+3NaCl

2FeCl₃+2H₂S=2FeCl₂+2HCl+S↓

FeCl₃+3NH₃H₂O=Fe(OH)₃↓+3NH₄Cl

FeCl₃+3NaOH=Fe(OH)₃↓+3NaCl

AgNO₃+HI=AgI↓+HNO₃

AgNO₃+ NH₃H₂O=AgOH↓+ NH₄NO₃

AgNO₃+ NaOH=AgOH↓+ NaNO₃

AgNO₃+HCl=AgCl↓+HNO₃ ,

AgNO₃+ NH₃H₂O=AgOH+ NH₄NO₃

AgNO₃+ NaOH=AgOH↓+ NaNO₃

AgNO₃+HBr=AgBr↓+HNO₃

AgNO₃+ NH₃H₂O=AgOH+ NH₄NO₃

AgNO₃+ NaOH=AgOH↓+ NaNO₃

第三种：既能与某些碱溶液反应又能与所有强酸反应的物质

10、与强碱Ca(OH)₂、Ba(OH)₂反应类：Na₂CO₃、K₂CO₃、(NH₄)₂CO₃

Na₂CO₃+2HCl=2NaCl+H₂O+CO₂↑

Ca(OH)₂+Na₂CO₃=2NaOH+CaCO₃↓

(NH₄)₂CO₃+2HNO₃=2NH₄NO₃+H₂O+CO₂↑

Ca(OH)₂+(NH₄)₂CO₃=2NH₃H₂O +CaCO₃↓

Na₂CO₃+2HNO₃=2NaNO₃+H₂O+CO₂↑

Ba(OH)₂+Na₂CO₃=2NaOH+BaCO₃↓

(NH₄)₂CO₃+2HCl=2NH₄Cl+H₂O+CO₂↑

Ba(OH)₂+(NH₄)₂CO₃=2NH₃H₂O +BaCO₃↓

11、与弱碱 NH ₃ H ₂ O 反应类：AgOH、Cu(OH)₂、Zn(OH)₂

AgOH+HNO₃=AgNO₃+H₂O

AgOH+ 2NH₃H₂O=Ag(NH₃)₂OH+2H₂O

Cu(OH)₂+2HNO₃=Cu(NO₃)₂+2H₂O

Cu(OH)₂+ 4NH₃H₂O=Cu(NH₃)₄(OH)₂ +4H₂O,

Zn(OH)₂+2HNO₃=Zn(NO₃)₂+2H₂O

Zn(OH)₂+ 4NH₃H₂O=Zn(NH₃)₄(OH)₂ +4H₂O