数词在2017年高考短文改错中再次重现江湖,听力中也经常考到时间表示的方法,作文中曾经考过年月日的写法。因此,小编给大家全面整理了数词需要掌握的知识点,各位孩子们,一定要背过哦!
数词是用来表示事物和数量的顺序的词,分为基数词和序数词两种。
基数词 |
功能 |
做主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语 |
读法三要点 |
A.记31个词:基数词1~19,20~29整十位数和hundred, thousand, million, billion |
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B.会读个、十、百位数 |
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C.由右向左每三位数前的逗号分别读做thousand, million和billion,逗号之间的按百位以内的数读 |
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注意 |
A.表示“几百”、“几千”时,hundred, thousand等词不加s |
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B.hundred, thousand等词为复数时做名词,表示“数量很多”的意思 |
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序数词 |
构成 |
A.一般的基数词后+th,多位数的基数词只变最后一位。如:ten→tenth |
B.整几十的基数词,去掉词尾的y再加ieth,如:thirty→thirtieth |
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C.几个不规则词:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth |
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功能 |
做定语,前面加the;年、月、日中的日;表示“第几”时;分数中的分母 |
I.基数词:表示数目的词为基数词
范 围 |
特 点 |
实 例 |
1~12 |
无规律 |
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve |
13~19 |
以 teen 为结尾 |
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen |
20~90 |
以 ty 结尾 |
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety |
21~99 |
十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-” |
twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine |
101~999 |
百位与十位之间通常用 and |
three hundred and twenty-five (美语中常将 and 省略) |
千以上 |
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6275 : six thousand two hundred and seventy-five ; 1200 : twelve hundred |
注意:14:fourteen;40:forty;第四:forth;第14:fourteenth;第40:fortieth
II 序数词:表示顺序的数词为序数词
范 围 |
特 点 |
实 例 |
1~19 |
各基数词尾加 th |
其中七个例外: first, second, third, forth , fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余,如: six — sixth, nineteen — nineteenth |
20,30~90 |
把 y 变 i 后加 eth |
twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth |
21 以后多位数 |
最后一个数用序数词,其余用基数词 |
21st : twenty-first ; 110th : one hundred and tenth |
III. 数词的常见考法(吐血推荐,必须背过):
1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式
汉语示例 |
英语表示法 |
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时间表达 |
2001 年 6 月 30 日 |
美国:月日年 June 30,2001;June 30th,2001; 英国:日月年 30 June,2001;30th June,2001 |
七点二十五分( 7 : 25 ) |
seven twenty-five / twenty-five past even |
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十二点五十四分( 12:54 ) |
twelve fifty four six to one |
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九点十五分( 9 : 15 ) |
nine fifteen a quarter past nine |
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二点半( 2 : 30 ) |
two thirty half past two |
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二十一点五十分( 20 : 50 ) |
twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m. |
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数字表达 |
第二十一 |
twenty-first |
第一百二十三 |
one hundred and twenty-third |
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二分之一 |
a half |
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二又五分之二 |
two and two-fifths |
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百分之二十 |
20 percent (注意 percent 不加 s ) |
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编号表达 |
第七路公共汽车 |
Bus Number 7 |
第 201 房间 |
Room 201 |
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人民路 153 号 |
153 Renmin Road |
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第三中学 |
No 3 Middle School |
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算式表达 |
4+8 = 12 |
Four plus eight is twelve |
11 - 7= 4 |
Eleven minus seven is four. |
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6×5=30 |
Six times five is thirty. |
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20÷5= 4 |
twenty divided by five is four. |
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A > B |
A is more than B. |
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A < B |
A is less than B. |
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A≈B |
A is approximately ( 近似地 , 大约 )equal to B. |
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A≠B |
A is not equal to B. |
2.约数表示法
含义 |
英语表达 |
例句 |
大于某数 |
more than |
He has lived here for more than twenty years. |
over |
She is over fifty. |
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or more |
There're thirty people or more in the meeting-room. 在会议室里,有 30 个人或者更多的人。 |
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小于某数 |
less than |
I have less than fifty dollars. |
under |
Children under seven are not allowed to enter. |
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below |
He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars. |
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or less |
The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less. 这个大衣花费他六美元或者更少。 |
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大约(某数)
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nearly :几乎 |
She is nearly fifty now. |
almost :几乎 |
It’s almost three o'clock. |
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up to :至多 |
Up to ten men can sleep in this tent. 至多 10 人能在这个帐篷里睡觉。 |
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or :或者 |
He spent four or five days writing the article. 他花费了四到五天写文章。 |
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or so :大约 |
The distance is twenty miles or so. 这个距离大约 20 英里。 |
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about :大约 |
I visited that village about three years ago. |
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some :大约 |
I have kept birds for some 30 years. 我养鸟大约有 30 年了。 |
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more or less :或多或少;大约 |
The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water. 这个容器能容纳大约 20 磅的水。 |
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around/round :大约 |
Let's make it round/around eight o'clock. 让我们大约 8 点见。 |
3.不定数量词“多”的表示法
被修饰名词的数 |
英语表达 |
汉译 |
修饰可数名词 |
dozens of |
几十、许多 |
scores of |
许多 |
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many / a good(great) many, many a (后加 单数可数名词 ) |
许多、大量 |
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hundreds of |
数以百计 |
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thousands of / thousands upon thousands of |
成千上万 |
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millions of |
数百万 |
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billions of |
亿万 |
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修饰不可数名词 |
much , a great (good)deal of , a large amount of ,large amounts of |
许多、大量 |
修饰可数名词或不可数名词 |
a lot of / lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of , large quantities of |
许多、大量 |
注意:Many a student has seen the film. 许多学生看过这个电影。名词用单数,谓语动词用三单形式。