介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

初级版：

介词的分类表： (见下表)

地点(位置、范围)介词：

above在…上, about在…附近, across在…对面, after在…后面, against倚着..., along沿着, among在…中间, around在…周围, round在….周围, at在…处, before在...前, behind在...后, below低于..., beside在...旁边, between在...之间, by在...旁, down在...下面, from来自..., in在...里面, inside在...里面, near靠近..., of在...之中, on在...上面, out of在...之外, outside在....外面, over在....上方, under在...下方, up在...上面, on top of在...顶部, in front of在...前, close to靠近..., in the middle of在...的中间, at the end of在...的末端,等等。

方向(目标趋向)介词：

across横越..., against对抗..., along沿着..., around绕着..., round环绕..., at朝着..., behind向…后面, between…and…从…到...,by路过/通过..., down向…下, for向..., from从/离..., into进入..., inside到...里面, near接近..., off脱离/除..., on向...上, out of向...外, outside向....外, over跨过..., past经过/超过..., through穿过..., to向/朝..., towards朝着..., on to到...上面, onto到...上面, up向...上, away from远离...

时间介词：

about大约..., after在…以后, at在… (时刻), before在…以前, by到…为止, during在…期间, for有…(之久), from从…(时)起, in在(上/下午);在(多久)以后, on在(某日), past过了…(时), since自从…(至今), through 贯穿…(期间), till直到…时, until直到…时, to到(下一时刻), ever since从那时起至今,at the beginning of在...开始时 ,at the end of在...末 , in the middle of在...当中 ,at the time of在...时

方式介词：

as作为/当作..., by用/由/乘坐/被..., in用…(语言), like与…一样, on骑(车)/徒(步),通过(收音机/电视机), over通过(收音机), through通过..., with用(材料),用(手/脚/耳/眼), without没有…

涉及介词:

about关于..., except除了…, besides除了…还... for对于/就…而言, in在…(方面), of…的,有关..., on关于/有关..., to对…而言, towards针对..., with就…而言

其它介词:

【目的介词】 for为了..., from防止…, to为了…

【原因介词】 for因为..., with由于…, because of因为...

【比较介词】 as与…一样,like象…一样,than比...,to与…相比, unlike与…不同

【伴随/状态介词】 against和…一起(比赛),at在(上班/休息/上学/家,etc.),in穿着…(衣服/颜色),into变成...,on在(值日), with与…一起,有/带着/长着..., without没有/无/不与…一起

提升版

I介词从结构上分类一览表

II主要介词区别

1.表示时间的at，in，on

at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 a.m. 常用词组有：at dawn, at noon，at night，at midnight，at the end of，at that time，at Christmas，at New Year等。

in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning/afternoon/evening，in October，in 1998，in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, inthe future等。

on指特定的日子，时间：on Monday，on Christmas Eve, on May Day，on a warmmorning, on September 12, on that day等。

2.表示时间的since和from

since “自从…以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。

from“自…起”，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：

I hope to do morning exercises from today.

We have not seen each other since 1995.

注意：since与for表示时间的用法区别：

“since+(具体时刻/that-从句)”表示“自从…起一直到现在”,

“for +(一段时间)”表示“总共有…之久”,都常用于完成时态;

如：Uncle Li has worked in this factory since 1970.(李叔叔自从1970年起就在这家工厂工作了)/ Uncle Li has worked in this factory for over 30 years. (李叔叔在这家工厂已经工作了30多年)

3.表示时间的in和after

in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We' II be back in three days.

after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如： After two months he returned.

注意：after+时间点,可用于过去时和将来时。如：After seven therain began to fall. / What shall we do after graduation?

4.表示方位的in，on，to

in表示 “在…内”， Beijing is inthe north of China.

on指 “与…接壤，在河/江畔”， Korea lies onthe east of China

to指在境外某方向，只强调方向Japan lies tothe east of China.

5.表示“在……上”的on和in

on只表示在某物的表面上，如：There is a bookon the piece of paper.

in表示占去某物一部分，如： He dug a hole in the wall.

6.表示“穿过……”的through, over和across

through 指在内部穿过, across则指在表面上的横穿, over指在上方过去，跨越。如：

The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains,through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea.

7.In the end，at the end of，bythe end of

in the end意为“最后”、“终于”;如： In the end they reached a place of safety.

at the end of表示“在…末梢”，“到…尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体;如：

At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.

They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.

by the end of作“到…末为止”解，只能指时间，如：

Bythe end of last month he had finished the novel.

8.between，among

between一般表示两者之间。如：You are to sit between your father and me

among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如： The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd.

注意：有时虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调两两相互间接关系，仍用between。

Agreements were made between the different countries.

在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat,oats and barley.

9.besides，except，but，except for

besides指“除了……还有”。如：

Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith.

except指“除…外”，不能放在句首。如：

We go to school every day except Sunday.

but与except意思相近, 常用在no, all,nobody, anywhere, everything ,no等词和其他疑问词后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing?

I like nobody but you. (我只喜欢你。)

I like everybody but you.(我不喜欢挤。)

except for表示“如无……就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

10.表示用工具和手段的by, in, with

by表用工具(by train /land / hand / email…)或手段(byreading…)，其后的名词前不带冠词;

with表用工具(with a pencil/ our eyes)，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰;

in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等(in pencil/English/a low voice…)

11.as，like

慧升限件网技习司有途优587a311d广东科学-公元软 as指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：Let me speak to you as a father.(事实是父亲)

like作“象……一样”解。如：Let me speak toyou like a father.(事实上不是父亲)。

12.as, with都有“随着…”之意

as为连词，后接从句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse

with为介词，后接名词或代词。.如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer.

13. for a moment、forthe moment、ina moment、atthe moment的区别：

for a moment“一会儿、片刻”(=for a while),常与持续性动词连用;

for the moment“暂时、目前”,常用于现在时;

in a moment“一会儿、立即、马上”(=soon;in a few minutes),一般用于将来时;

at the moment“此刻,眼下”(=now),用于现在进行时。

如：Please wait for a moment.(请稍等)/

Let’sleave things as they are for the moment.(暂时就维持现状吧!) /

I’ll come back in a moment.(我过会儿回来)/

I am very busy at the moment.(眼下我很忙)

初中必备知识回顾:

in front of与in the front of：in front of“在…的前面”, 与in the front of“在…的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of thehall.(大厅跟前停着一辆汽车)/ In the front of the hallstood a big desk.(大厅前部立着一个大讲台)

about与on的用法区别：都可以表示“有关…”,但是about的意义比较广,而on主要表示“有关…(专题/课程)”。如：Tom is going to give a talk on the history of America.(汤姆要作一个美国历史的报告)/ They are very excited talking about the coming field trip.(他们兴致勃勃地谈论着即将来到的野外旅游)