高中英语——主语从句

2020年05月26日 浏览:

主语从句的概念:

如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子就是主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词 what,who,whichwhatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用。


主语从句用法:

1、主语从句的引导词:

主语从句通常由连词that和whether、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导:

如:That he is still alive is a wonder. 他还活着,真是奇迹。

When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。

What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

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2、主语从句与形式主语it:

有时为了考虑句子平衡,通常在主语从句处使用形式主语it,而将真正的主语从句移至句末。这分三种情况:

(1)对于以连词that引导的主语从句,通常用形式主语代主语从句:

如:It's a pity that he didn't come. 很遗憾他没来。

(2)对于以连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句,可以使用形式主语代主语从句,也可直接在句首使用主语从句:

如:Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

(3)对关系代词型what引导的主语从句,通常不用形式主语,总是主语从句放在句首:

如:What we need is money. 我们需要的是钱。

What I want to know is this. 我想知道的就是这一点。

(4)如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构:

如:Is it true that he is the girl's father? 他是那女孩的父亲,是真的吗?

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How is it that you are late again? 你怎么又迟到了?

3、连词that的省略问题:

引导主语从句的连词that有时可省,有时不能省,其原则是:

若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首,则that不能省略;

若that引导的主语从句位于句末,而在句首使用了形式主语it,则that则可以省略:

如:That you didn't go to the talk was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)

It was a pity(that) you didn't go to the talk. 很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)


主语从句应注意的几个问题:

1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首,也可放在句尾,但在下列情况下that从句不可提前。

(1)在It is said/reported...that结构中:

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(2)在Ithappened/occurred...结构中:

Ithappenedthattheteacherwasnotintheofficethatday.

(3)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时:

如:Is it ture that you will give up the job?

2、下面这种情况常用it作形式主语。在It doesn't matter+what/whatever…结构中。

如:It doesn't matter what you say.

3、由what引导的主语从句谓语动词单复数问题 what引导的主语从句一般按单数对待,但是,在实际使用中究竟按单数还是按复数对取决于其成分的含义。

如:What we need is more time.

What were left behind were five empty bottles.