1.常考动词时态：
(1)三个一般：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时;
(2)三个现在：现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时;
(3)三个过去：过去进行时、过去完成时，过去完成进行时。
2.现在进行时与频度副词:
与always, all the time, forever, constantly, continuously等词连用，往往表赞扬、埋怨、气愤或厌恶等情绪。He is always thinking of his study.(称赞) He is always making the same mistakes.(批评)
3.某些表动向和起始的动词:
begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, dine, end, stop, depart,open, close等。当其表一个按计划、安排必将进行的动作或出现的状态时(这时都有一个表示未来的时间状语)要用一般现在时代替将来时。I leave for Dalian next Sunday.
4.在时间、真实条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，(有时也用现在进行时代替一般将来时，显得更确定):
When he comes back, we'll go shopping together.
5.不能用被动语态的几种情况:
(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。
(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如last, hold, benefit, contain, equal, fit, join, mean, look like, consist of等不能用于被动语态中。
(3)表示归属的动词，如have, own, belong to等不能用于被动语态之中。
(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等不能用于被动语态之中。
(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等时，谓语动词不用被动语态。
6.主动形式表被动意义:
(1)当feel, look, smell, taste, sound, remain 等后面接形容词时。
(2)当break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep,play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read,operate 等词带状语修饰语 well, easily, poorly 等时。
(3)当动词begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, run等表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
(4)当break out, take place, shut off, turn off, work out等表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。
(5)want, require, need,deserve后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
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(6)be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。
(7)在“be+形容词+to do”中，(常用于此结构的形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice,bitter, fit, dangerous, light, heavy, important等)不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动表被动。
(8)某些不定式：to blame, to seek, to let, to rent等与be连用时 The house is to let.这房子要出租。
(9)常见的不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语有：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice,watch, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from,happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。
7.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况:
(1)be seated 坐着。如：He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。
(2)be hidden 躲藏。如：He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.) 他藏在门后。
(3)be lost 迷路。如：Unsaved changes will be lost. 未保存的更改将丢失。
(4)be drunk 喝醉。如：He must be drunk, or else he is mad. 他准是醉了，不然就是疯了。
(5)be dressed 穿着。如：The girl was dressed in a red short skirt. 那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。
8.主动变被动时，宾补成主补，作补语的不定式前需用to:
如: He was made to work all day long(by the boss).
9.短语动词变被动语态时，勿丢掉后面的介词:
如：The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
10.情态动词和be going to, be to, be sure to, used to, have to, had better 等结构变被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be+过去分词。
11.表被动意义的介词短语:
under examination在审查中, under discussion在讨论中, under repair维修中, beyond belief难以置信, beyond one’s control失控, beyond one’s reach鞭长莫及/够不着, for sale出售, for rent出租, in print印刷中, in sight看得见, in use在使用中, out of control控制不了, out of fashion不流行, on sale销售中, on show在展出中, in the charge of受制于, under the leadership of在……的领导下等。
12.“with +宾语+不定式”结构中，不定式用主动式表被动:
With nothing to do, I feel bored.
来源：AIS English
编辑：小徐
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