1.非谓语动词的各种形式：
|
|
一般式 |
完成式 |
进行式 |
|
|
不定式 |
主动 |
to do |
to have done |
to be doing |
|
被动 |
to be done |
to have been done |
to have been doing |
|
|
ing形式 |
主动 |
doing |
having done |
|
|
被动 |
being done |
having been done |
|
|
|
过去分词 |
被动 |
done |
|
|
2.非谓语动词的否定形式: 在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
3.非谓语动词的复合结构:
不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.
动名词复合结构：代词宾格或名词所有格+doing (-ing形式作主语时,用代词主格或名词所有格+doing)
分词独立结构：代词主格或名词+doing /done(句中作状语表时间、原因、伴随、让步、方式等)
4.非谓语动词的做题步骤:
(1)判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词;
(2)找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语;
(3)判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系;
(4)判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前且表被动关系常用 done; 之后且表主动关系常用to do; 同时且表主动关系常用doing.
5.不定式符号to 的保留问题:
有时为了避免重复，可以用to 来代替前面的不定式，这种情况出现在下列动词之后：expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget,want, try;或出现在be glad / happy, would like / love 等的后面。如果在省略的不定式结构中含有：be, have, have been，这些词要保留。
6.在there be 结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式;如果说话人强调的事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。
如：There is a lot of work to do. (Someone has to do the work.)
There is a lot of work to be done. (The work has to be done.)
注意:下面两个句子的含义的不同
There is nothing to do. (无事可做，感到十分乏味。)
There is nothing to be done. (某东西坏了，无法使之恢复正常。)
7.动名词作主语:
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语。
It is / was no use / good + doing sth.
It is / was not any use / good + doing sth.
It is / was of little use / good + doing sth.
如：It is / was useless 如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
注意:若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致如：Seeing is believing. To see is to believe.眼见为实。
8.分词作状语:
分词作状语时,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如：Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)
Be careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)
Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened of it. (原因)
Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件)
The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)
Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)
9.独立成分:
科上升元4233学件网优公司根的4e6f限-途bd54东有9eaa86eb西技广慧软
有些分词短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。常见的有,Generally speaking … 一般说来; Frankly speaking … 坦白地说; Judging from … 根据……来判断; Considering … 考虑到……; To tell you the truth … 说实话;
10.不定式作表语:
在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove/ turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如：He seemed (to be ) very happy.
11.动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but, can’t help but, can’t but 后面的不定式也要省略to。
如: We could do nothing but / other than wait.
We have no choice but to wait.
I can’t choose but laugh.
来源：AIS English
编辑：小徐